Page 10 - 2nd Issue- RuAHS Newsletter

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Further, the improvement of living conditions Rosini, R. et al. (2020) ‘Vaccines Against
of humans in poor communities reduces the Antimicrobial Resistance’, Frontiers in
occurrence and spread of AMR (Varley et al., Immunology, 11(June), pp. 1–14. doi:
2009; Littmann et al., 2020; Rosini et al., 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01048.
2020).
Varley, A. J., Sule, J. and Absalom, A. R.
Summary (2009) ‘Principles of antibiotic therapy’,
Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical
AMR is one of the global crises reported in Care and Pain, 9(6), pp. 184–188. doi:
recent decades. Multi-resistant 10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkp035.
microorganisms such as bacteria, virus, fungi
and parasites called superbugs, cause
infections which cannot be treated using
existing anti-microbial agents. Major factors
which lead for AMR are misuse and overuse of
antimicrobial agents, lack of proper living
conditions for both humans and animals, lack
of awareness and knowledge in the community
together with the absence of suitable policies
at the national and global levels. These
superbugs are not only found in humans but
also in animals, plants and environment.
Therefore, they have a rapid spread. Although
it is not easy to manage AMR, the occurrence
and spread can be reduced by improving above
conditions.
References
Agnew, E. et al. (2021) Global antimicrobial
resistance and use surveillance system
(GLASS) report, Who. World Health
Organization. Available at:
http://www.who.int/glass/resources/publicatio
ns/early-implementation-report-2020/en/.

Cheesbrough, M. (2006) District laboratory
practice in topical countries part2. second edi.
Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh
Building, Cambridge, UK.

Littmann, J., Viens, A. M. and Silva, D. S.
(2020) The Super-Wicked Problem of
Antimicrobial Resistance. Springer. doi:
10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_26.

Naimi, T. et al. (2001) ‘Antimicrobial
resistance’, in Emerging Infectious Diseases,
p. 548. doi: 10.3201/eid0707.017727.

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