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The diagnostic field has rapidly developed to Mukhopadhyay, S. (2016) ‘The study of
identify the genetic origin of an active disease molecular evidences for human evolution,
and foreshadow the development of a disease gene flow, genetic isolation, interbreeding
later in life. In addition to that, gene therapy, and their significance in the human
designed to deliver DNA carrying a functional physiology’, 2(2), pp. 35–39. doi:
gene to a patient's cell or tissue and correct a 10.15406/mojap.2016.02.00039.
genetic alteration advances the treatment for
hereditary and acquired diseases. Further, the Press, D. (2015) ‘The Human Genome
genomic research has pushed forward the Project, and recent advances in personalized
development of automated machines and genomics’, pp. 9–20.
miniaturization technology to ease the process
of sequencing and minimize the processing Suntsova, M. V and Buzdin, A. A. (2020)
time and portability. ‘Differences between human and chimpanzee
genomes and their implications in gene
On the contrary, personalized medicine expression, protein functions and biochemical
developed with human genome mapping has properties of the two species’, BMC
raised questions of psychological, economic & Genomics, 21(Suppl 7), pp. 1–12. doi:
social issues specially on people who are 10.1186/s12864-020-06962-8.
diagnosed with genetic disorder with no other
treatment available. The Human Genome
Project initially allocated a percentage of the
funding to study ethical, social and legal
implications of the newly discovered
technologies.
The 13-year tremendous effort of thousands of
scientists has been successful. The information
of the human genetic material was revealed
uncovering lots of mysteries and served for the
betterment of mankind in several pathways
such as medicines, diagnostics, genetic
engineering and technology. The HGP was just
the initial step but the extreme development of
the study of genes and manipulation of genes
is continuous.

References
Carrilho, E. (2002) ‘A review of DNA
sequencing techniques’, (June 2014). doi:
10.1017/S0033583502003797.

Collins, F. S., Ph, D. and Fink, L. (1994) ‘The
human genome project’, pp. 182–183.

Hood, L. and Rowen, L. (2013) ‘The H uman
G enome P roject: big science transforms
biology and medicine’, 5(9), p. 1. doi:
10.1186/gm483.

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